Visiting Machu Picchu is a dream for many travelers. To prevent altitude sickness from turning this dream into a challenge, proper preparation is key. Altitude sickness, also known as acute mountain sickness (AMS), is common in high-altitude destinations like Machu Picchu, Cusco, and the Inca Trail. This blog will guide you through understanding it, preventing it, and managing symptoms so you can fully enjoy your trip to this stunning location.
What is Altitude Sickness?
Altitude sickness occurs when your body struggles to adapt to lower oxygen levels at higher altitudes. As you ascend, the air becomes thinner, meaning there is less oxygen available for your body to function properly. This is especially relevant when visiting places like Cusco (3,399 meters) or even the Inca Trail where altitudes can exceed 4,000 meters, compared to the relatively lower Machu Picchu at 2,430 meters.
Common symptoms of altitude sickness include:
- Headaches
- Nausea
- Dizziness
- Loss of appetite
- Shortness of breath
- In more severe cases, it can lead to confusion or even loss of consciousness if not managed properly.
These symptoms can occur as early as 12 hours after reaching a high-altitude area, but fortunately, there are ways to prevent and minimize the impact.
Altitude Levels in Peru: Machu Picchu, Cusco, and the Inca Trail
Peru’s landscape is varied, and different destinations in the region sit at very different elevations. For context, here’s how some of the most popular tourist destinations stack up:
- Machu Picchu: 2,430 meters (7,970 feet)
- Cusco: 3,399 meters (11,152 feet)
- The Inca Trail: Altitudes range from 2,600 to 4,200 meters (8,530 to 13,780 feet)
Although Machu Picchu itself is not as high as Cusco or the Inca Trail, it’s still high enough for travelers to experience symptoms, especially if coming directly from lower altitudes. If you’re planning to hike the Inca Trail, it’s essential to prepare for even higher elevations, as some of the trail’s passes can reach heights of 4,200 meters, where oxygen levels are significantly reduced.
Preparing for Altitude Sickness: Prevention and Acclimatization
The key to avoiding altitude sickness is acclimatization. This process allows your body time to adjust to the lower oxygen levels. Here are some crucial tips to help you prepare:
1. Spend a Few Days in Cusco Before Ascending to Machu Picchu
Since Cusco sits higher than Machu Picchu, it’s recommended to spend a few days here before heading to the iconic ruins. Allowing your body to adjust at a higher altitude will make the descent to Machu Picchu feel easier on your system. During this time, take it easy. Walk around Cusco’s city center, enjoy its rich history, but avoid strenuous activities during the first 48 hours.
2. Hydrate Constantly
Staying hydrated is one of the most effective ways to combat altitude sickness. The dry air at higher altitudes can cause dehydration more quickly than at sea level, so be sure to drink plenty of water throughout the day. Avoid alcohol and caffeinated drinks like coffee, as they can further dehydrate your body.
3. Eat Light, High-Carbohydrate Meals
High-altitude environments put extra stress on your body, and it’s best to avoid heavy, fatty meals while acclimating. Focus on foods rich in carbohydrates, such as fruits, bread, and pasta, which are easier for your body to digest and provide quick energy for hiking or exploring.
4. Use Coca Tea or Altitude Sickness Medication
Coca tea is a traditional Andean remedy for altitude sickness. The tea, made from steeping coca leaves, is available almost everywhere in Peru, including hotels and restaurants in Cusco. Sipping on this tea helps ease symptoms like headaches and shortness of breath.
For those who prefer medication, acetazolamide (Diamox) is commonly recommended to prevent or reduce altitude sickness symptoms. Consult with a doctor before your trip to determine if this medication is suitable for you.
Curious Fact: Coca leaves have been used by indigenous Andean cultures for thousands of years to help with high-altitude living. Although the leaves come from the same plant as the base ingredient for cocaine, coca leaves in their natural form have mild, beneficial effects and are completely safe for consumption.
5. Listen to Your Body and Rest
Altitude sickness affects everyone differently. Some may feel fine after a short adjustment period, while others may need more time. Always listen to your body, if you feel dizzy, nauseous, or fatigued, take a break and rest. Pushing yourself too hard at high altitudes can make symptoms worse and lead to more serious complications.
What to Do if You Experience Symptoms of Altitude Sickness
If you start feeling the effects of altitude sickness, it’s important to address them early to prevent worsening symptoms. Here are some quick steps:
- Rest: Sit or lie down and avoid any further physical exertion.
- Hydrate: Drink water or an electrolyte solution to help your body recover.
- Descend: If symptoms worsen, descending to a lower altitude can bring relief quickly.
- Medication: Use acetazolamide or ibuprofen to help ease symptoms, but always consult a doctor before using any medication.
Final Tips for Travelers to Machu Picchu
Visiting Machu Picchu is an unforgettable experience, and with the right preparation, you can avoid altitude sickness and fully enjoy your trip. Here are some final tips:
- Spend time in Cusco to acclimatize before visiting Machu Picchu.
- Drink plenty of water, avoid alcohol, and eat light meals.
- Bring coca tea or altitude sickness medication with you.
- Don’t rush, listen to your body and take breaks when needed.
With these tips in mind, you’ll be ready to explore Machu Picchu and the surrounding areas with confidence, knowing how to manage the challenges of high-altitude travel.
Karen Pamela Riveros Rojas
